Yes, Morocco really are in the World Cup semi-finals.

Before arriving in Qatar, the north African nation had only ever won two of their previous 16 matches at the World Cup.

The team's coach had been in position for just four months. Their players were talented but battling a culture of under-achievement by the country at major soccer tournaments.

So, how have they managed to top a group containing second-ranked Belgium and 2018 finalists Croatia and then eliminate Spain and Portugal -- two of Europe's soccer powerhouses -- to become Africa's first World Cup semi-finalists and the pride of the Arab world?

The answer lies in a bold decision by their soccer federation and recently installed coach Walid Regragui's unwavering belief in a game plan that's being followed to the letter by a selfless and gifted group of players.

No team has been able to crack the code. Can France in the semi-finals?

The foundation to this unlikely underdog story was built in August when Vahid Halilhodzic -- an experienced Bosnian coach who guided Morocco serenely through African qualifying -- was fired by the federation, essentially because of his refusal to select Hakim Ziyech, one of the country's best players.

The federation cited "divergent visions" as the reason for firing Halilhodzic and replaced him with Regragui, a former Morocco international who had just led Wydad Casablanca to the African Champions League title. Regragui was about to inherit the most talented Morocco squad in a generation.

The team has never had so many players from top European clubs.

The two full backs, Hakim Ziyech and Noussair Mazraoui, are starters for Paris St Germain and Bayern Munich, respectively; winger Ziyech plays for Chelsea, albeit not so regularly; goalkeeper Bounou and striker Youssef En-Nesyri are at Sevilla in Spain.

Sofyan Amrabat is the defensive midfielder at Fiorentina in Italy; centre back Hayef Aguerd is at West Ham in the Premier League, where captain Romain Saiss was recently playing for Wolverhampton.

So, Regragui's task was two-fold: to get his players functioning in a system that could get results at the World Cup and to get them believing they could shock the world.

"I told them, 'You don't come to the World Cup only to play three games'," he said. He has created a masterpiece.

Regragui sets his team up in a 4-1-4-1 formation, with the defence typically in a deep, low block and Amrabat sitting directly in front, never venturing forward.

Against the supposedly bigger teams this World Cup, the four-man midfield line also has dropped further back to create another defensive shield, leaving En-Nesyri as the lone striker.

When the opponent loses possession, Regragui has drilled his players to break forward on the counter-attack at pace, using the energy of full backs Hakimi and Mazraoui to complement the mercurial skills of Ziyech and fellow winger Sofiane Boufal.

From being isolated, En-Nesyri suddenly finds five or six teammates with him. The approach requires discipline and high levels of mental concentration.

"We have a clear game plan -- everyone has to work," said Regragui. "We are showing the world you can succeed even if you don't have as much talent and money."

The statistics behind Morocco's run are extraordinary. The team has only conceded one goal -- and that was an own-goal by Aguerd against Canada -- meaning Croatia, Belgium, Spain and Portugal have failed to break down Morocco.

They have only allowed 10 shots on target in five games. They are averaging less than three shots on goal and surviving on an average possession of just 29.8 per cent per game.

Against Spain, Morocco had 343 passes and their opponents 1041. "I don't think they have ever run as much in their lives," Regragui said. "When you put in so much heart, you give yourselves a chance."

Morocco's only major title was at the African Cup of Nations in 1976 - but now they're just two wins away from becoming the most unlikely World Cup champions of all.

Australian Associated Press